Next Generation Blockchain Ecosystem in Quantum Age

Blockchain ecosystem facing a tremendous amount of risks in a world where Quantum Computing is becoming the key reality of our lives day-to-day. This computing power has possible capabilities to solve complex mathematical problems and algorithms that threaten classical cryptography approaches used by Blockchain. Post Quantum Cryptosystems are examined from Blockchain perspective in this study in terms of existing schemes, security requirements, and dynamics to give awareness and interest to Quantum Era. In addition, this study deals with how quantum computers will break all existing schemes for Blockchain, possible mitigation of threats, and how quantum-safe systems can be created. Furthermore, a comparison of post-quantum cryptography algorithms provided for the development of the next-generation Blockchain systems. Moreover, the operability of Blockchain in the Quantum Age is tackled by comparing current challenges based on NIST Quantum Algorithm Challenge. Finally, connected autonomous vehicle based Blockchain system proposal details are given.